Huang Weiyu, A Hero Behind China’s Atomic Bomb and Infrared Missile 原子弹和红外导弹的幕后英雄—黄渭渔



Huang Weiyu,
A Hero Behind China’s Atomic Bomb and Infrared Missile
Huang Weiyu (1925-1958) was born in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. A radio enthusiast who started as a teenager. During the Anti Japanese War, he was an engineer of the Ministry of Defense and an interpreter of the US military advisory group. He engaged a glass craft man and made his own electronic tubes. After 1949, he served in the signal corps. In 1955, he worked in the Technology Department of Shanghai Second Heavy Industry Bureau. Photo 1 shows Huang Weiyu and his wife Ji Qiuhe. The second photo is an iron-sheet pencil box made by Huang Weiyu, a senior high school student, and given to Ji Qiuhe. Sister Qiuhe and Your Darling, chiseled on the iron sheet, are still visible after 80 years. In his later years, Ji Qiuhe entrusted this lifelong treasure to Tu Zuochao Exhibition for permanent display.
In 1955, the CCP Central Committee decided to make the A-bomb. The grain of the A-bomb is uranium. The big brother of the Soviet Union also blocked the YP-4M radiation detector for uranium exploration from China. In 1956, Tu Zuochao, Huang Weiyu and Wu Qiong from the Technology Department of Shanghai Second Heavy Industry Bureau, with only 200 Yuan of state funding, made a prototype of Chinese style radiation prospecting instrument, including a Geiger counter. Shanghai Yamei Radio Works at first and Shanghai Times Electronic Instrument Factory later on have produced thousands of YP-4M.
Photo 3 is a horizontal type radiation detector. The screen shot is a declassified documentary included in the fourth episode of the 40-episod TV series "Five Star Red Flag flying In The Wind" first aired in 2010 – successful uranium exploration in Guangxi in 1956. Photo 4 is the drawing of the radiation detector with longitudinal primary instrument. It was dated July 2 or February 7 (in 1966) by the Second Heavy Industry Bureau of Shanghai. It is also kept in the technical archives of Shanghai Electronic Instrument Factory.
At a time between 1955 and 1956, Huang Weiyu handed over to Tu Zuochao the information of the US Army's infrared guided missile, together with its Chinese translation. Tu Zuochao immediately forwarded it to Liu Ding, Vice Minister of the Second Machine Building Ministry in Beijing. In 1958, air war broke out in the Taiwan Strait. Taiwan aircraft equipped with rattlesnake infrared missiles shot down a mainland MiG fighter. At the same time, the Chinese air force also acquired a rattlesnake missile that did not explode. China's infrared missile began in 1958.
From 1967 to 1969, the special task force repeatedly tortured Tu Zuochao to extort information about infrared missiles. In his letter to Premier Zhou Enlai in 1973, Tu Zuochao detailed who, when, where, what and how. The copy of the report in Tu Zuochao Exhibition will be uploaded herein.
In 1958, Huang Weiyu, a grade five Engineer in the technical department of Shanghai Chemical Industry Bureau, committed suicide by use of mercury. Huang family's good life was gone. The family moved from Yuyuan Road apartment to the humble lane house on Jinan road. The widow was unable to support a daughter and three sons. The youngest son was adopted to her sister and brother-in-law. The eldest son who worked as a farm hand in the Northeast suffered from hepatitis due to malnutrition. After returning to Shanghai, he was unable to receive proper treatment and finally died. In 1966, peasants revolted in the suburbs of Shanghai, and Huang Weiyu's tomb was destroyed. In the 1980s, Ji Qiuhe, his widow, declined the intended returning grave from the government.
原子弹和红外导弹的幕后英雄—黄渭渔
黄渭渔(1925-1958)福建福州人。始于少年时代的无线电发烧友。抗战期间任国防部工程师和美军顾问团翻译。自己聘用玻璃工,自制电子管。 1949年后在通信兵系统服役。1955年就职于上海市第二重工业局技术处。照片一是黄渭渔和夫人计秋荷的合影。照片二是高中生黄渭渔亲手制作的、送给计秋荷的定情物--铁皮铅笔盒。凿在铁皮上的秋荷姐姐和Your Darling,历经80年,依然清晰可见。计秋荷晚年把这件毕生珍藏托付给涂作潮陈列室永久展出。
1955年中共中央决定,原子弹上马。原子弹的粮食是铀。苏联老大哥也对中国封锁探测铀矿的YP-4M辐射探矿仪。1956年上海市第二重工业局技术处的涂作潮、黄渭渔和吴琼三人,仅凭200元人民币的国家拨款,就做出了中国式辐射探矿仪的样机,含一次仪表盖革计数管。上海亚美无线电厂和上海时代电子仪器厂先后生产YP-4M数千台。
照片三是一次仪表横向式的国产辐射探矿仪。截屏于2010年40集电视剧《五星红旗,迎风飘扬》第四集播出的解密纪录片—1956年广西探获铀矿。照片四是原时代电子仪器厂后上海电子仪器厂技术档案室保存的日期为(1956年)7月2日或2月7日来自重工业二局的纵向式一次仪表的辐射探矿仪的图纸。
1955-1956年间,黄渭渔把美军的红外制导导弹资料,连同中文译文,交给涂作潮。涂作潮立即转寄给了在北京的第二机械工业部的刘鼎副部长。1958年台海空战爆发。装备响尾蛇红外导弹的台湾飞机击落了米格战斗机。同时,中国空军也获得了一枚没有炸响的响尾蛇导弹。中国红外导弹随即启动。
1967到1969年间,专案组多次对涂作潮重刑逼供红外导弹资料的来龙去脉。涂作潮1973年给周恩来总理的举报信中叙述了审讯细节。展于涂作潮陈列室的报告副本的照片,待上传。
1958年,上海市化工局技术处的五级工程师黄渭渔服氯化高汞自杀。黄家优渥的生活不再。家人从愚园路公寓搬到了济南路的简陋的弄堂住房。遗孀无力供养一女三子。幼子过继给了妹妹和妹夫。在东北插队的长子因营养不良罹患肝炎。病退回沪后又无法全力医治,终于不治。1966年上海郊区农民造反,黄渭渔坟墓被毁。1980年代,遗孀计秋荷婉拒政府拟发回的墓地。